积极主义刑事立法的理性限制：比例原则的植入

陈 伟，李晓

（西南政法大学 法学院，重庆 401120）

摘要：晚近我国刑法立法修正呈现出的预防式、功能化和回应性的显著态势，折射出当前我国刑法立足于转型中国的社会现实，追求对法益侵害的事先预防和对民生利益及时关切的积极主义立法导向。积极主义刑事立法是符合时代精神的社会需求的产物，却隐含着一旦不受约束将会侵蚀自由保障、模糊刑法干预界限和遮蔽法律实效的法治风险。面对全球化风险的冲击和挑战，国家刑罚权的外张性被激发出来，古典刑法理论坚持的刑法谦抑、法益原则和责任主义几乎遭遇全面改造。透过比例原则适当性、必要性和均衡性三项子原则的逐项考察和递进判断，一方面可以为确立积极主义刑事立法的合理边界提供相对客观化和明确化的审查标准，另一方面又以其自身更高的位阶效力保障刑法始终活动在宪法精神及其价值原则的控制范围之内，从而实现刑法参与社会治理的最优化目标。

关键词:积极主义刑事立法；法治风险；古典刑法理论；制约困境；比例原则

Rational restriction of positive criminal legislation: implantation of the principle of proportion

Chen Wei,Li Xiao

(Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120,China)

Abstract: in recent years, China's criminal law legislative amendment has shown a significant trend of prevention, functionalization and responsiveness, reflecting the current China's criminal law, based on the social reality of China's transformation, pursues the proactive legislative orientation of prevention of infringement of legal interests in advance and timely concern for people's livelihood interests. The positive criminal legislation is the product of the social needs in line with the spirit of the times, but it implies the risk of the rule of law that will erode the protection of freedom, blur the boundary of criminal law intervention and cover up the actual effect of law if it is not restricted. In the face of the impact and challenge of globalization, the externality of the state's penalty power has been stimulated, and the modesty of criminal law, the principle of legal interest and the principle of responsibility that the classical criminal law theory insists on have almost been comprehensively reformed. Through the investigation and progressive judgment of the three sub principles of proportionality, necessity and balance, on the one hand, it can provide a relatively objective and clear examination standard for the establishment of the reasonable boundary of the positive criminal legislation, on the other hand, it can guarantee that the criminal law always operates within the control scope of the constitutional spirit and its value principles with its higher rank effect, so as to To achieve the optimal goal of criminal law participating in social governance.

Key words:Positive criminal legislation；Legal risk ；Classical theory of criminal law；Constraint dilemma；Principle of proportionality