民法典视野下婚姻登记瑕疵的困境及其路径选择*

冉克平,曾佳*

(武汉大学法学院,湖北 武汉 430000)

摘 要：婚姻登记瑕疵的效力在法律上没有明确规定，司法实践中存在法院力图通过行政诉讼判定婚姻效力、人民法院审理婚姻登记瑕疵案件时一并解决婚姻效力、行政机关无辜成为婚姻登记瑕疵案件的“陪绑者”等诸多问题，这些问题的根源在于混淆了没有婚姻和登记存在瑕疵的婚姻、婚姻登记效力和婚姻效力、瑕疵婚姻登记与瑕疵婚姻三组概念。婚姻登记瑕疵涉及两方面法律关系——婚姻民事法律关系与婚姻登记行政法律关系，厘清婚姻登记瑕疵应当回归民事诉讼和行政诉讼本源，明确各自职能分工和管辖领域。婚姻登记瑕疵可以参照不动产更正登记的方式予以解决，而不是判决婚姻无效或者不成立等。

关键词：婚姻登记瑕疵；婚姻登记效力；婚姻效力；更正登记

On the Dilemma of Marriage Registration Defects and Its Path Selection

RAN Ke-ping, ZENG Jia

(Law School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei)

Abstract: The effectiveness of the flaws in marriage registration is not clearly stipulated in law. There are many problems in judicial practice. For example, the court tried to determine the validity of marriage through administrative litigation. When the people ’s court hears cases of flaws in marriage registration, the validity of marriage is resolved together. The roots of these problems are the confusion of the three concepts, which is no marriage and flawed registration marriages, effect of marriage registration and effect of marriage, defective registration and defective marriage. Defects in marriage registration involve two aspects of legal relationship-the civil legal relationship in marriage and the administrative legal relationship in marriage registration. To clarify the flaws in marriage registration should return to the origin of civil and administrative litigation, and clarify the division of functions and areas of jurisdiction. Defects in marriage registration can be resolved by referring to the method of correction and registration of real property, instead of ruling that the marriage is invalid or not established.

Keywords: defects in marriage registration; validity of marriage registration; validity of marriage; correction of registration