论美国判决要约规则对我国民事诉讼和解制度的借鉴

赵泽君，庞 晓

(西南政法大学 法学院，重庆 401120)

摘  要: 我国民事诉讼和解制度能否在立案登记制、多元化纠纷解决机制以及案件繁简分流的背景下被充分地利用，取决于是否深刻检讨我国民事诉讼调解制度的扩张、诉讼和解制度缺乏效力规定和惩罚性赔偿措施的原因，导致我国民事诉讼和解制度在立法上被边缘化和利用率极低的问题。美国判决要约规则规定一方当事人拒绝要约并且最终获得的判决结果并不比要约更好时应当受到惩罚，从而避免发出要约的一方当事人承担不公平的诉讼费用。此外，美国判决要约规则促使当事人合理谨慎地考虑对方当事人提出的和解请求，充当达成民事诉讼和解的重要工具，具有促使当事人及时解决纠纷和防止诉讼拖延的重要作用。为此在解析美国判决要约规则的基础之上，我国民事诉讼和解制度应当设置和解要约与承诺程序，与之设置诉讼费用转移机制相配套。

关键词: 民事诉讼和解;诉讼和解效力;判决要约规则; 和解要约与承诺程序;诉讼费用

中图分类号: D915.2    文献标识码: A

Offer of Judgment Rule of American for China's Civil Litigation

Reconciliation System for Reference

ZHAO Zejun，PANG Xiao

(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120 China)

Abstract: Whether China's civil litigation reconciliation system can be fully utilized in the context of filing registration system, diversified dispute resolution mechanism and case simplification depends on whether it is a profound review of the expansion of China's civil litigation mediation system, the lack of effectiveness and punishment of the litigation reconciliation system.These questions have led to the problem of marginalization and low utilization of the civil litigation settlement in China. Offer of judgment rule of American stipulates that a party who refuses to make an offer and ultimately obtains a judgment that is not better than the offer should be punished, thereby avoiding the party that issued the offer to bear unfair litigation costs. Offer of judgment rule of American prompts the parties to consider the settlement request from the other party reasonably and cautiously, and serve as an important tool for reaching a civil litigation settlement. It has an important role in prompting the parties to resolve disputes in a timely manner and prevent delays in litigation. On the basis of analyzing offer of judgment rule of American, it is proposed that the civil litigation reconciliation system in China should set up the settlement and commitment procedures, and set up the litigation costs transfer mechanism.

Keywords: civil Litigation reconciliation; reconciliation validity;Offer of Judgment Rule;settlement and commitment procedure; litigation costs