论民法典继承编的立法理念与制度新规

陈 苇，贺海燕*

（西南政法大学 民商法学院，重庆 401120）

摘要：民法典继承编是我国新时期自然人私有财产继承的“权利宪章”。民法典继承编的编纂，坚持了国家对自然人继承权的保护、维护被继承人处分遗产的自由、注重发挥扶养关系在继承和遗产处理中的作用、保障遗产债权人的利益和交易安全、将行之有效的司法解释上升为立法等立法理念，新增或修改补充完善了二十一项制度或规则，包括死亡时间先后的推定、遗产范围的界定、继承和遗赠的接受与放弃、继承权丧失与宥恕、代位继承、遗产酌分请求权主体、遗嘱信托、遗嘱形式、遗嘱见证人、遗嘱效力、遗嘱撤回、附义务遗嘱、遗产管理人、转继承、遗赠扶养协议、收归国有的无人继承遗产的用途、遗产债务清偿责任分配、遗嘱指定监护、遗嘱设立居住权、遗嘱捐献人体器官、受遗赠权的效力等。

关键词：民法典继承编；立法理念；继承；遗产处理；新规则

On the Legislative Concept and the New Rules of the System of the Inheritance of the Civil Code

CHEN Wei, HE Hai-yan

(Civil and Commercial Law Academy，Southwest University of Political Science and Law，Chongqing 401120 ,China)

Abstract: The civil code inheritance is the "charter of rights" for the inheritance of private property in the new stage of our country. The codification of the civil code's inheritance adheres to the legislative concepts of the state's protection of the right of inheritance of natural persons, the protection of the freedom of the heirs to dispose of their inheritance, the emphasis on the function of the maintenance relationship in succession, the protection of the interests of the creditors of the estate and the security of transactions, and the rise of effective judicial interpretation to legislation. The Civil Code's inheritance has added or improved the following 21 systems or rules to varying degrees: the presumption of death time, the definition of the scope of inheritance, the acceptance and abandonment of inheritance and bequest, the loss of inheritance rights, subrogation, the subject of the discretionary claim of the estate, will trust, will form, will witness, will effect, will withdrawal, attachment to the obligation will, administrator, transfer of inheritance, bequest support agreement, the use of uninherited heritage owned by the State, the distribution of liability for the settlement of inheritance debt, the guardianship of the will, the establishment of the right of residence by will, the donation of human organs by will, and the effect of the right of bequest.

Keywords: Civil Code Inheritance; Legislative Concept; Inheritance; Heritage  Processing; New Rules.