问题展开与路径阐释：依法监察理论与地方监察立法之证成

曾哲,丁俊文

（西南政法大学监察法学院，重庆 401120）

摘  要：基于“法无授权即禁止”的法治原则，检视省级监察机关发布非法律位阶的文件用于调整公民权利义务关系的监察实践，继而引发地方监察立法之正当性、合法性及合理性的制度追问。在考察地方监察立法的若干疑问时，应以依法监察理论作为基本的解释前提，并从形式来源与实质内容两个层面予以择长借鉴。通过对地方监察立法的各类学理认知差异进行逐一辨析，进而确立地方监察立法折中说的基本立场。为同时贯彻宪制正当性及问题性思考，兼顾中央事权属性与地方监察机关适宜的自主性，应将地方监察立法权限定于执行性立法权与有限的创制性立法权，并从逻辑配置、规范依据、实践基础三个层次予以证成。

关键词：依法监察；地方监察立法；监察规章；立法配置；执行性立法

中图分类号：D927        文献标识码：A      文章编号：

Problem Development and Path Interpretation: Evidence of Supervision Theory According to Law and Local Supervision Legislation

Zeng Zhe，Ding Junwen

（School of Supervision Law，Southwest University of Political Science and Law，Chongqing 401120，China)

Abstract：Based on the rule of law principle of "no authorization is prohibited by law", this paper examines the supervision practice of provincial supervision organs issuing illegal legal rank documents to adjust the relationship between civil rights and obligations, and then raises the system questions of the legitimacy, legality and rationality of local supervision legislation. When examining some questions of local supervision legislation, we should take the theory of supervision according to law as the basic premise of interpretation, and choose a long-term reference from two aspects of form source and substance content. Through the analysis of the cognitive differences of various theories of local supervision legislation, the basic position of compromise of local supervision legislation is established. In order to carry out the legitimacy and problem thinking of the constitutional system at the same time, and to take into account the nature of the central authority and the appropriate autonomy of the local supervisory organs, the legislative authority of the local supervision should be set on the executive legislative power and the limited creative legislative power, which should be proved from the three levels of logical configuration, normative basis and practical basis.

Key words：Supervision according to Law；Local Supervision Legislation；Supervision Rules； Legislative Allocation；Executive legislation