国际商事法庭：基于域外经验与本土发展的思考

朱伟东

（中国社科院西亚非洲研究所   北京 100007）

摘要：国际商事法庭最早起源于中世纪的“灰脚法庭”，商业发展是成立此类法庭的根本原因。从“灰脚法庭”的程序特点来看，它兼具仲裁和诉讼的特点。“灰脚法庭”的存在为现代国际商事法庭的建立提供了参照。现代国际商事法庭的设立同样受到商业推动或更多源于商业诱因。从国外现有的国际商事法庭的制度设计来看，它们都试图吸收仲裁和诉讼的优点，摈弃二者的弊端，在一定程度上实现了诉讼的仲裁化。我国国际商事法庭的设立也是为了顺应“一带一路”倡议所激发的商业发展的需要，但囿于现有法律框架的限制，我国国际商事法庭的制度设计更多体现了保守型的特点，其程序既没有大胆吸收仲裁程序的优点，也没有完全克服现有诉讼制度中的一些弊端。不过，作为一个新设的专门解决国际商事争议的法院，我国国际商事法庭的创新之处十分明显。在现有法律框架下，我国国际商事法庭的制度设计仍有提升空间。

关键词：国际商事法庭   域外经验  本土发展   最高人民法院

The Reasoned Analysis of the Overseas Experiences of International Commercial Court and Its Development in China

Abstract: The modern international commercial court originated from the courts of piepowder that developed in the middle ages, which was mainly pushed forward by the commercial development at that time. The process of the courts of piepowder were mixed with those of arbitration and litigation, which may become reference for modern international commercial court. The establishment of the modern international commercial courts were also motivated by the commercial development. The design of the modern international commercial courts tries to reflect the advantages of arbitration and litigation, while abandoning their disadvantages, and to arbitrationalize the litigation. The newly established international commercial court in China is also the direct result of the frequent business transactions spurred by the Belt and Road Initiative. Compared with the international commercial courts in other countries, the international commercial court in China is more or less conservative, neither reflecting the advantages of the arbitration process nor abandoning the disadvantages of the existing litigation regime. There is still room to improve the international commercial court in China under the current legal framework.

Key Words: international commercial court; foreign experiences; local development; the People’s Supreme Court

基金项目：国家社科基金项目：“中非经贸投资纠纷的多元化解决机制研究”，项目编号：13BFX158。