网络虚拟财产权单独立法保护的可行性初探

孙山

（西北政法大学 经济法学院，陕西 西安 710063）

摘  要：《民法总则》第127条只解决了网络虚拟财产权的定位问题，未来如何立法则取决于网络虚拟财产的基本特征。按照网络虚拟财产有用性、相对的稀缺性和受限制的可支配性之特征，应在其上成立独立于债权、物权、知识产权的网络虚拟财产权。网络虚拟财产权是支配型财产权，但技术支持的存在使得网络虚拟财产权受制于运营商，在权利的归属、期限、利用、救济、消灭等具体规范设计上不同于物权与知识产权。《民法总则》之外，应当根据网络虚拟财产权的特殊性另行制定特别法，待时机成熟时再整体移植到民法典中的财产法部分。

关键词：网络虚拟财产；物权；债权；支配权；网络虚拟财产权

中图分类号：D913  文献标识码：A

Preliminary Study on the possibility of the Protection of Network Virtual Property Rights by Special Legislation      

Sun Shan

（Economic Law School, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an 710063 China）

Abstract: Article 127 of The General Principles of Civil Law only solves the positioning problem of network virtual property rights, and how to legislate in the future depends on the basic characteristics of the network virtual property. It is hard to choose the protection path of the civil code for the reason of inaccurate definition about characteristics of network virtual property. According to its utility, relative scarcity and limited desposition, the network virtual property should be protected independently unlike real rights, rights of obligation and intellectual property rights of network virtual property. Due to technical supports, the duration, utilization, protection and elimination of the network virtual property all subject to network platform operators. It is acceptable that we could enact special law for the protection of network virtual property, and transplant entirely as a part of civil code when the time is right.

Keywords: network virtual property; real right; right of obligation; network virtual property rights

基金项目：2018年陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目“网络虚拟财产权的定性与特别保护”（18JK0809）和陕西省科学技术厅2019年创新人才推进计划《网络虚拟财产保护法的规范设计研究》（2019KJXX-097）资助。